What does the phrase “know or have reason to know” mean?

CFR · 2024-01-01 · US · Title 13

A person knows or has reason to know (that a claim or statement is false) if the person: (a) Has actual knowledge that the claim or statement is false, fictitious, or fraudulent; or (b) Acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the claim or statement; or (c) Acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the claim or statement.

official document · source cfr-2024 · id 13:§ 142.6